Birds of the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge
Listed Below are the 268 birds that have been identified on the refuge and the season in which they can be found. This information was taken from a brochure provided by the INWR plus I added the scientific names.
Season:
Sp = Spring: March 21 - June 20
S = Summer: June 21 - September 20
F = Fall: September 21 - December 20
W = Winter: December 21 - March 20
Frequency:
A = Abundant: A species which is very numerous
C = Common: A species likely to be seen or heard in suitable habitat
U = Uncommon: A species present, but not certain to be seen
O = Occasional: A species seen only a few times during a season
R = Rare: A species present but not every year
Ø = Birds known to nest on or near the refuge
RED = Indicates threatened/endangered species
Pic: All pictures © David Malak-All rights reserved.
=
Male
= Female
= Male & Female have the same external appearance, or both are pictured
togather.
| Loons | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Common Loon (Gavia immer) | O |
| Grebes | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) | O | ||||
| Red-Necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) | R |
| Cormorants | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) | O | R | O |  |
| Bitters, Herons & Egrets | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) | U | U | U |  |
|
| Ø Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) | C | A | C | O |  |
| Great Egret (Ardea alba) | O | O | O |  |
|
| Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) | R | R | |||
| Ø Green Heron (Butorides virescens) | U | U | U |  |
|
| Black-Crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) | O | O | O |
| New World Vulture | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) | C | C | C |  |
| Swans, Geese, & Ducks | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Greater White-Fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) | R | R | R | ||
| Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) | O | O | |||
| Ø Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) | A | A | A | U |  |
| Brant (Branta bernicla) | R | R | |||
| Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) | R | R | R | ||
| Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) | C | U | R | ||
| Ø Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) | C | C | C | R | |
| Ø Gadwell (Anas strepera) | U | O | U | ||
| Ø American Wigeon (Anas americana) | C | O | C | ||
| Ø American Black Duck (Anas rubripes) | C | U | C | O | |
| Ø Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) | C | C | C | O |  |
| Ø Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) | C | C | U | ||
| Ø Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) | U | O | U |  |
|
| Ø Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) | C | O | U | R |  |
| Ø Green Winged Teal (Anas crecca) | C | O | C | R | |
| Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) | O | O | |||
| Ø Redhead (Aytha americana) | O | O | O | ||
| Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris) | C | C |  |
||
| Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) | O | O | |||
| Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) | U | U | |||
| Surf Scooter (Melanitta perspicillata) | R | ||||
| White-Winged Scooter (Melanitta fusca) | R | R | |||
| Black Scooter (Melanitta nigra) | R | ||||
| Long-Tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) | O | O |  |
||
| Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) | U | U | |||
| Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) | O | O |  |
||
| Ø Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) | C | U | U | R |  |
| Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) | U | U |  |
||
| Red-Breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) | O | O | |||
| Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) | U | O | O |
| Osprey, Hawks, & Eagles | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) | U | U | U |  
|
|
| Ø Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) | U | U | U | R |  |
| Ø Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) | U | U | U | O | |
| Ø Sharp-Shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) | O | O | O | O |  |
| Ø Coopers Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) | O | O | O | O | |
| Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) | R | ||||
| Ø Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) | R | R | R | R | |
| Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) | O |  |
|||
| Ø Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Rough-Legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) | O | O | O | ||
| Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) | R |
| Falcons | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) | C | C | C | U | |
| Perigrine Falcon (Falco mexicanus) | R | R |
| Gallinaceous Birds | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) | U | U | U | U |  |
| Ø Ruffled Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) | U | U | U | U | |
| Ø Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) | C | U | U | U |  |
| Rails | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) | U | U | U | U | |
| Ø King Rail (Rallus elegans) | R | R | R | ||
| Ø Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Sora (Porzana carolina) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) | C | C | C | ||
| Ø American Coot (Fulica americana) | C | C | C | R |  |
| Cranes | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) | R | R | R |
| Plovers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Black-Bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) | R | R | R | ||
| American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica) | R | R | R | ||
| Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) | O | R | O | ||
| Ø Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) | C | C | C |
| Sandpipers & Phalaropes | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) | C | O | C | ||
| Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) | C | O | C | ||
| Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) | U | O | U | ||
| Ø Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) | C | C | U |  |
|
| Ø Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) | R | R | R | ||
| Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica) | R | R | |||
| Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) | R | ||||
| Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) | U | O | C | ||
| Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) | U | O | U | ||
| White-Rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) | R | R | R | ||
| Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melonotos) | O | O | O | ||
| Dunlin (Calidris alpina) | U | O | C | ||
| Stilt Sandpiper (Caldris himantopus) | R | ||||
| Short-Billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) | O | O | O | ||
| Long-Billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) | R | ||||
| Ø Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) | C | U | C | ||
| Ø American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) | C | U | U | ||
| Wilson'd Phalarope (Phalarpus tricolor ) | R | R | |||
| Red-Necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) | R | R |
| Gulls & Terns | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia) | O | R | |||
| Ring-Billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) | C | U | U | O |  |
| Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) | O | R | O | O | |
| Great Black-Backed Gull (Larus marinus) | R | R | R | R |  |
| Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) | O | O | O | ||
| Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) | O | O | |||
| Ø Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) | C | C | O |  |
| Pigeons & Doves | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) | U | U | U | U |  |
| Ø Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) | C | C | C | U |  |
| Cuckoos | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Black-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) | O | O | O |
| Barn Owls | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Barn Owl (Tyto alba) | R | R | R | R |
| Typical Owls | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Eastern Screech Owl (Otus asio) | U | U | U | U | |
| Ø Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) | C | C | C | C | |
| Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) | R | R | |||
| Ø Barred Owl (Strix varia) | U | U | U | U | |
| Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus) | R | R | R | ||
| Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) | O | O | O | ||
| Northern Saw-Whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) | R | R | R |  |
| Night Jars | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) | O | O | O | ||
| Whip-Poor-Will (Caprimulgus vociferus) | R | R |
| Swifts | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) | O | O | O |
| Hummingbirds | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Ruby-Throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) | U | U |
| Kingfisher | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) | U | U | U | O |
| Woodpeckers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Red-Headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) | O | O | O | O | |
| Ø Red-Bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) | U | U | U | U |   |
| Ø Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) | O | O |  |
||
| Ø Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) | C | C | C | C |   |
| Ø Hairy Woodpecker (Piciodes villosus) | U | U | U | U |   |
| Ø Northern Flicker (Calaptes auratus) | C | C | C | O |  |
| Ø Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) | U | U | U | U |  |
| Tyrant Flycatchers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) | C | C | U | ||
| Ø Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) | O | O | O | ||
| Ø Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) | O | O | O | ||
| Ø Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) | C | C | C | ||
| Ø Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) | U | U | R | ||
| Ø Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Ø Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) | C | C | C | ||
| Ø Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) | C | C | C |
| Shrike | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) | O | O | O |  |
| Vireo | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Yellow-Throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons) | U | U | U | ||
| Blue-Headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius) | U | R | U | ||
| Ø Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) | C | C | C | ||
| Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) | R | R | |||
| Ø Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) | C | C | C |
| Crows & Jays | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Ø American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Larks | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) | U | U | U | U |
| Swallows | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Purple Martin (Progne subis) | U | U | O | ||
| Ø Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Northern Rough-Winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) | U | U | U | ||
| Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) | U | U | U | ||
| Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) | O | O | O | ||
| Ø Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) | C | C | C |
| Titmice & Chickadees | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapilla) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Ø Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) | U | U | U | U |  |
| Nuthatches | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Red-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) | R | R | O | ||
| Ø White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Creepers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) | C | U | U | U |  |
| Wrens | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) | R | R | R | R | |
| Ø House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) | O | O | R | ||
| Ø Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) | U | U | O | ||
| Ø Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) | C | C | O |  |
| Kinglets | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Golden-Crowned Kinglet (Regulas satrapa) | C | R | C | U |  |
| Ruby-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus calenula) | C | C | R |
| Old World Warblers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) | C | U | O |
| Thrushes | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) | C | U | U | R |   |
| Ø Veery (Catharus fuscescens) | C | C | O |  |
|
| Gray-Cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) | R | R | |||
| Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) | U | U | |||
| Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) | U | R | U | R | |
| Ø Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) | C | C | U | ||
| Ø American Robin (Turdus migratorius) | C | C | C | O |  |
| Mimic Thrasher | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Grey Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) | O | O | O | O | |
| Ø Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) | U | O | O | R |
| Starlings | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Pipits | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) | O | O |
| Waxwings | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) | R | R | |||
| Ø Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) | C | C | C | U |  |
| Wood Warblers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Blue-Winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus) | C | C | C | ||
| Ø Golden-Winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) | R | R | R | ||
| Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) | U | U | U | ||
| Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) | R | R | R | ||
| Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) | A | A | C |  |
|
| Chestnut-Sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) | U | U | U | ||
| Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) | U | U | U | ||
| Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) | R | R | R | ||
| Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) | U | U | U | ||
| Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) | C | R | C |  |
|
| Black-Throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) | U | U | U | ||
| Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) | U | U | U | ||
| Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus) | R | R | |||
| Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) | U | O | U | ||
| Bay-Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) | U | U | U | ||
| Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) | U | U | R | ||
| Black-And-White Warbler (Mniotilta varia) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) | C | C | U |   |
|
| Ø Prothonotary Warbler (Protonataria citrea) | R | R |  |
||
| Ø Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) | O | R | O | ||
| Ø Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Ø Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) | U | U | O | ||
| Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) | U | U | U | ||
| Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Yellow-Breasted Chat (Icteria virens) | R | R |
| Tanagers | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) | U | U | U |
| Sparrows & Towhees | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) | U | O | U | R | |
| American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) | C | C | C |  |
|
| Ø Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) | C | C | C | ||
| Ø Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) | U | U | U | ||
| Ø Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) | R | R | R | ||
| Ø Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) | C | C | C | ||
| ØGrasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) | R | R | R | ||
| Ø Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) | R | R | R | ||
| Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) | O | O | |||
| Ø Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) | A | A | A | U |  |
| ØSwamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) | C | C | C | O | |
| White-Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) | C | C | U |  |
|
| White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) | U | U | R | ||
| Dark-Eyed Junko (Junko hyemalis) | C | C | U |  |
|
| Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) | R | ||||
| Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) | O | O | O |
| Cardinals, Grosbeaks & Allies | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Ø Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) | C | C | C |   |
|
| Ø Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) | C | C | C |  |
| Blackbirds & Orioles | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) | C | C | U | ||
| Ø Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) | A | A | A | U |   |
| Ø Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) | U | U | U | R | |
| Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) | U | ||||
| Ø Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) | C | C | C | R |  |
| Ø Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) | C | C | C | O |   |
| Ø Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) | C | C | C |   |
| Finches | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) | R | R | R | ||
| Ø Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) | U | O | U | O | |
| Ø House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) | U | U | U | U |   |
| Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea) | O | O | O | ||
| Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) | O | O | O | ||
| Ø American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) | C | C | C | C |  |
| Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) | O | O | O |
| Old World Sparrows | Sp | S | F | W | Pic |
| Ø House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) | U | U | U | U |   |
Accidentals
The following Birds have been seen on the refuge one or two times:Red-Throated Loon
Eared Grebe
Snowy Egret
Little Blue Heron
Glossy Ibis
Ross' Goose
Barnacle Goose
Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Eurasion Wigeon
Merlin
Gyrfalcon
American Avocet
Willet
Whimbrel
Marbled Godwit
Red Knot
Sanderling
American White Pelican
Western Sandpiper
Baird's Sandpiper
Ruff
Lesser Black-Backed Gull
Glaucous Gull
Black-legged Kittiwake
Forster's Tern
Three-Toed Woodpecker
Loggerhead Shrike
White-Eyed Vireo
Summer Tanager
Lincoln's Sparrow
Yellow-Headed Blackbird
Orchard Oriole
Red Crossbill
White-Winged Crossbill
Western New York covering DEC regions 7, 8, & 9